Which condition is MOST associated with plaque buildup?

The condition that is most associated with plaque buildup is dental caries. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and, if not removed through regular brushing and flossing, can lead to the demineralization of enamel. This process contributes to the development of cavities, or dental caries, as the bacteria in plaque produce acids that erode tooth structure over time.

Additionally, while other options such as tooth sensitivity, halitosis, and whitening of teeth may be related to overall oral health, they do not have the same direct cause-and-effect relationship with plaque as dental caries. Tooth sensitivity can arise from various factors, including gum recession or enamel wear, but is not solely linked to plaque. Halitosis, or bad breath, can also stem from plaque buildup, yet it is a broader condition that can be influenced by other factors like diet and oral hygiene habits. Whitening of teeth is a cosmetic procedure that has no direct correlation to plaque accumulation. Thus, dental caries is the most closely tied to plaque buildup, as it is a direct result of the harmful effects that plaque can have when it is not adequately managed.