What process does plaque undergo if it is not removed?

When plaque is not removed from the tooth surface, it undergoes a process known as mineralization, which leads to the formation of calculus, also referred to as tartar. This occurs because plaque, primarily composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva, can harden over time due to the components in saliva, such as calcium and phosphate. Once plaque mineralizes, it becomes a more challenging substance to remove, often requiring professional dental cleanings.

Understanding the transformation of plaque into calculus is crucial because calculus can contribute to further oral health issues, such as gum disease and tooth decay. The presence of calculus can also irritate the gums and lead to inflammation. Thus, regular brushing and flossing are essential to prevent plaque buildup and avoid its mineralization into calculus.